The pathophysiology of diabetes is interrelated to insulin levels in the body as well as the body's ability to use insulin. In type 1 diabetes, no insulin is secreted at all, but in type 2 diabetes, the peripheral tissues oppose insulin's actions. Glucose is required by the brain in order for normal processes to continue. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a category of metabolic illnesses distinguished by hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is caused by a number of reasons, the most important of which are insufficient insulin secretion (insulin deficit) and/or decreased tissue responses to insulin (insulin resistance) at one or more locations along the complicated hormone action pathways. 

Genetic and environmental factors
Hyperinsulinemia, which is defined as the inability of insulin to lower plasma glucose levels by suppressing hepatic glucose production and stimulating glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is often exacerbated by impaired insulin secretion. In the presence of physiologically possible levels of insulin in humans, glucose uptake is decreased in subjects with T2DM compared to normal subjects, confirming that glucose uptake is differentiated. 

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